Forecast results shown below were created with the noaa forecast method using most model with the tsunami source. This is the first direct evidence that a tsunami played a role in a. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of december 26, 2004 editors note. In the open ocean, tsunami waves can travel at speeds up to 800 km per hour or 500 mi. The sumatra earthquake and tsunami of december 2004. In banda aceh, the landmass closest to the quakes epicenter, tsunami waves topped 100 feet. The incredible damage and tragic loss of life resulting from the 9. North sumatra andaman islands tsunamis of december 2004 and march 2005 j. Sumatra, indonesia earthquake and tsunami, 26 december 2004. Pdf sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december. Damage investigation of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and the indian ocean tsunami on 26 december 2004, a great earthquake with magnitude of 9. By comparing the arrival times of the p and s waves on each.
The 2004 indian ocean tsunami caused by the great sumatra andaman earthquake was the first natural calamity that covered such large areas in modern times. The sumatra andaman earthquake, which caused the 2004 indian ocean tsunami, is estimated to have released energy equivalent to 23,000 hiroshimatype atomic bombs. A comprehensive inquirybased exercise for high school earth science classes. The rupture speed of fault plane during earthquake is usually much faster than that of the tsunami. Indian ocean event page compilation of web links and data 5th anniversary of tsunami. Noaa center for tsunami research tsunami event december. The tsunami on december 26, 2004, was caused after an earthquake displaced the seabed off the coast of sumatra, indonesia. The great sumatraandaman earthquake of 26 december 2004 pdf. Because of the northsouth direction of the fault line the tsunami was the strongest in the eastwest direction. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in.
Humanitarian response to the 2004 indian ocean earthquake. Dec 26, 2004 north sumatra tsunami the most devastating tsunami in modern time was triggered by the magnitude 9 north sumatra andaman island earthquake at 6. The earthquake that generated the great indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 7. In this study, we refer to five published earthquake source parameters for the 2004 december 26 event resulting from data inversion.
Aceh tsunami dec 26, 2004 main shock and after shocks within one day of the sumatra earthquake, december 26, 2004, usgs on sunday morning dec 26, 2004 banda aceh was holding a 10 k marathon and approximately residents were doing their daily exercise at blang padang square, where the suelawah. Indian ocean tsunami, 2004, figure 2 tsunami propagation across the west coast of banda aceh lhok nga subdistrict source. Tsunami damage and debris on main coastal road, anse royale, mahe, december 26, 2004. Mar 30, 20 the sumatra earthquake of 2004 had a great effect on many indonesian countries.
Full text of the issue is available as a pdf on the nesta website. Prior to this event, only six of noaas deepocean assessment and reporting of tsunami, or dart, buoys were in place. Sumatra earthquake and subse quent indian ocean tsunami, the. This tsunami caused death of more than 230,000 people and is considered as. North sumatra andaman islands tsunamis of december 2004 and. Chapter 1 the 2004 december northern sumatra earthquake. The december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami. The tsunami of december 26, 2004 devastated thousands of communities along the coastline of the.
Tsunami hazard mitigation for west sumatra earth observatory of singapore. The 2004 indian ocean tsunami was the deadliest tsunami in known history, with over 227,000. Pdf the 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami in. Tsunami sumatra 2004, andaman indonesia 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami the earthquake that generated the great indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 7.
Damage investigation of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and the. A tsunami is a series of waves, not just a single wave. Tsunami generation and propagation in an open ocean. Dasha the rescue and relief work undertaken in theandaman and nicobar islands. On 26 december 2004, the western coast and islands of sumatra, particularly aceh province, were struck by a tsunami following the indian ocean earthquake. The 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami also known as the boxing day tsunami occurred at 00. Sumatra earthquake and tsunami indonesia december 26, 2004. The most destructive tsunamis sumatra, indonesia 2004. Chapter 1 the 2004 december northern sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunamis 1. Pdf the sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami of 2004. This paper summarizes the observations of lifeline performance, building damage and its distribution, and the social and economic impact of the tsunami made by the earthquake.
It was an undersea megathrust earthquake that registered a magnitude of 9. The humanitarian response to the 2004 indian ocean earthquake of a magnitude of 9. Pdf penultimate predecessors of the 2004 indian ocean. The tsunami heights in some places were extremely high. Mar 11, 2008 the 26 december 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of aceh, indonesia. Numerical model simulations, combined with tidegauge and satellite altimetry data, reveal that wave amplitudes, directionality, and global propagation patterns of the 26 december 2004 sumatra tsunami were primarily determined by the orientation and intensity of the offshore seismic line source and subsequently by the trapping effect of midocean ridge topographic waveguides. Some teams were supported by nsf through eeris learning from earthquakes. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the indian ocean. Ethnic groups response to the 26 december 2004 earthquake. This was a devastating wakeup call to coastal communities and tsunami research. The december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by slippage of about 600 miles 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the india and burma plates off the west coast of northern sumatra. The sumatra earthquake of december 26, 2004 share flipboard email print.
The sumatra earthquake and tsunami december 26, 2004. Sumatra earthquake 2004 an overview sciencedirect topics. The tsunami killed over 230,000 people, more than half of whom were in acheh provicne, sumatra, indonesia. Sumatra on december 26, 2004 was the third largest earthquake in the world. Other major tsunami generating earthquakes had occurred along segments of the subduction zone in. More than half of those killed had lived in acheh province, sumatra, where the tsunami rose as high. Dasha the rescue and relief work undertaken in theandaman and nicobar islands and in mainland india after the 26 december 2004 indian. Is there a best source model of the sumatra 2004 earthquake. This eyewitness assessment of damage from the earthquake and tsunami yields lessons for engineers. A 1600 km faultline slipped 15 m along the subduction zone with the india plate slides under the burma. The tsunami with an estimated height of over 30 m impacted all indian ocean countries. Effects of the december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami.
A tsunami generating event took place in the region in 1883, when a cataclysmic volcanic eruption suddenly collapsed the island volcano of krakatau located between sumatra and java in indonesia, causing the deadliest tsunami in the region prior to 2004. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004. Indian ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of south and southeast asia in december 2004. Quick report on the study of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami effects department of civil engineering indian institute of technology kanpur iit kanpur organized a reconnaissance study of the affected areas of the december 26, 2004 m9. The choice of the funwave model thus appears to be particularly appropriate for the 2004 sumatra tsunami kulikov et al. Animation of the 2004 tsunami propagation across the indian ocean, from sumatra to africa. A devastating tsunami was generated with wave heights. This paper summarizes the observations of lifeline performance, building damage and its distribution, and the social and economic impact of the tsunami made by the.
Over 36,000 died from the waves, which had a maximum. Chapter 4 field survey and numerical simulation on the. What began as an undersea earthquake in the indian ocean ended as the most deadly tsunami in recorded history, with nearly 240,000 lives lost. The incredible media coverage of the sumatra earthquake and tsunami of december 26, 2004, provided the world with images provoking both incredible sadness at the tragic loss of life, and awe at the destructive release of energy from one brief convulsion of earths crust.
The sumatra earthquake of 2004 had a great effect on many indonesian countries. A marine volcanic eruption can generate an impulsive force that displaces the water column and gives birth to a tsunami. Lampuuk on the island of sumatra before and after the banda aceh earthquake on boxing day, 2004 december 26, 2004. Aug 23, 20 the december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by slippage of about 600 miles 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the india and burma plates off the west coast of northern sumatra. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of. Sumatra andaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december 2004. In the march issue, we published reports on earthquake and tsunami impacts in northern sumatra and along the southeast indian coast. Tsunami sumatra 2004, andaman indonesia 2004 sumatra andaman earthquake and tsunami. In this multipart activity, students study seismograms from different seismic stations recording the sumatra earthquake of december 26th, 2004 and then determine the epicenter of the quake and track the tsunami it generated in order to quantify how much time was available for exacuation if word had been successfully communicated. We present stratigraphic, archeological and historical evidence for two closely timed predecessors of the giant 2004 tsunami on the northern coast of aceh, northern sumatra. Chapter 4 field survey and numerical simulation on the 2004 off sumatra earthquake and tsunami in thailand 4. Lampuuk is located on the northwestern most peninsula of the island. Tsunami or the harbour wave struck havoc in the indian ocean on the 26 th of december 2004.
The sumatra earthquake proves that the gsn network is robust and sensitive enough to use for expanded tsunami detection and warnings if the right resources can be spent on supporting instrumentation and facilities. Here we present a report by an indian team funded by the government of india. The sumatra andaman earthquake was one of the three largest earthquakes ever recorded. The sumatra andaman earthquake and subsequent asian tsunami of 26 december 2004 affected multiple countries in the indian ocean and beyond, creating disasters of a scale unprecedented in recorded history. Anthony sladen, to this giant quake of 2004 was followed just four months later by the magnitude 8. More tsunami waves struck thailand two hours later, and other countries around the indian ocean were hit a few hours later. The whole world was shaken by the massive earthquake and tsunami that struck indonesia.
Nov 17, 2006 on december 26, 2004 a great earthquake m w 9. Extensive seismic damage to engineering infrastructure occurred in northern and northwestern sumatra. This was the longest earthquake recorded, lasting between 500 and 600 seconds. The indian ocean tsunami disaster that took place on 26 december 2004 killed an estimated 227,000 people, of which more than a third were children, displaced. The building inventory in patong beach consisted of a large number of nonengineered one to two story reinforced concrete and timber frame shops and hotels. The tsunami affected 12 countries in south and southeast asia and the northeastern coast of. In this lab, youll study seismograms from 3 different seismic stations recording the magnitude 9. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004 great. Pdf the sumatraandaman earthquake and subsequent asian tsunami of 26 december 2004 affected multiple countries in the indian ocean and beyond.
The tsunami generated by the earthquake was recorded nearly worldwide and killed more people than any other tsunami in recorded history, almost 230,000 missing and presumed dead. Quick report on the study of the 2004 sumatra earthquake. For instance, the fault line of the 2004 sumatra earthquake was estimated as 1200km long and the rupture process lasted for about 10 min. On 26 december 2004, the earthquake, which struck off the northwest coast of the indonesian island of sumatra, generated a tsunami that wreaked havoc along much of the rim of the indian ocean. The 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred at 00. Shakingre lated damage was recorded only in the andaman and nicobar.
More than 170,000 indonesians were killed, primarily in aceh. About 170,000 acehnese and minangkabau people died in the northern tip of sumatra while only 44 simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. The image on the left shows the area prior to the tsunami and, on the right, the area after the tsunami. Pdf sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december 2004. Tsunami event the indian ocean tsunami, december 26, 2004 main event page. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004 great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami c. In taking a backwards look at the tsunami of december 2004, and the nature of the response on an international and local scale, it must be acknowl. The wave was the result of an earthquake that had its epicentre near the western boundary of sumatra. The global reach of the 26 december 2004 sumatra tsunami. In responding to the sumatra earthquake and subsequent indian ocean tsunami, the national science foundation nsf funded multiple teams to work in the many affected areas. Pdf 2004 indian ocean tsunami disaster in indonesia. Nae website effects of the 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake.